System of electrical distribution.



lo. 675,53. Patented my 28,1901. A. s. Huamn. y

SYSTEM 0F ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION. (Application lqd Apr. 51900.)

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. 1 ze I: I l /ay n y l oir/vnf Nu. 675,I58. Patantad May 28, I90I.

A A. s. HuAnn. I

SYSTEI `0F LECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

(Application mod Apr. 5, 1900.) (llo lodul.) 3 Shasta-#Shoot 3.'

H af mg@ W/TNESSES 7N VENTO/9 m www tribution, of whichthe following is' a specili-v cation. l

' tric energy developed .inan alternating dydirected through yone of such branch circuits,

. tion in the economy and reliability of opera-l which the aluminium terminal constitutes the j cathode.

`impulses in both directions, generated by an applicationin car-lighting .systems and pre- 'a large part of the cost. of maintenance and :a diagram illustrating the general principle Referring to Eig. 1, an alternating-current UNITED STATES",

ALBERT si inhuman, or nELLEviLlE,

PATENT" Quintus.

NEW JERSEY, AssIeNon 'ro IIAuLEs ..GOULD, OF PORT. CHESTER, NEW YORK.

sYsTE'IvI oF -ELEC'TRI' CAL DISTRIBUTION.

srscmca'rro'n reningpart of Letters Patent No. 675,158, dated may 2s, 1901.

Application tiled pril 5, 1960. Serial No. 11,657. (No model.)

T0 all whom it 11i/mty concern.;

- Beit knownfthat I, ALBERT S. IIUBBARD, a cit-igen of the United States, residing at Belleville,in the county of Essexand vState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements` in Systems of lillectricalrDis-l .This invention relatesto improvements in systems of electrical distribution, said improvements bein gdesignedy to enable the elecnamo or circuit to be distributedin branch My invention vis based on-the use of electrochemical rectifying devices,l such as the aluminium and carbon cell, which, have the to impulses in. one direction, only such cur- My invention enables the rectification of alternating-current dynamo, by the provision of two branches or circuits containing such electrochemical krectifying devices oppositely placed, so that impulses in vone direction are while the opposite impulses pass through the other branch. Such branch circuits maybe arranged as the two sides of a three-wire circuit, whether a working circnit,a battery-circuit, ora field-circuit, or one maybe a working circuit and the othera field-circuit.

Myinvention isparticularly intended for sents material advantages insuch' connection, inasmuch as the use ofa commutator is avoided, and in ordinary car-lighting systems repair is caused by the commutator.

, In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis ofmyginvention. I Fig. 2isa diagram showing the complete circuit connectionsof a system embodying myinvention applied 'to carlighting. Figs. 3 to Gshew modified arrange- Inentsof the system.'

connection 8 ot` the batteries.

generator'or source of alternating current of any usual'or suitable form is indicated at 1,

one of the terminals 2 of this alternator be# ing connected to alead 11, which dividesinto two branch circuits 3 3', leading to the respective electrochemical rectifyingfcells 4 4', whose outer terminals are connected by wires 5 5 tothe main leads or wires 0 6' .of the working or consumptioncircuit; To these main connections 6 6 are connected the outer ends of two storage batteries 7 7', the inner ends of such batteries being connected to gether by wire 8. Translating devices 9 may be connected directly across, as indicated at 9', between the outer wires or connections 6 6', or they may bev arranged, as shown at 9, on the three-wire system, with Vthe intermediate wire 10 connected back to the intermediate From such intermediate connection 8 a return wire 11' leads back to the other terminal 2' of the altermating-current dynamo. This return-wire 11' should be provided with a choking-coil 12,

kwhose etect is regulated by adj usting-switch 13, and adjustable choke-coils 14 14 should be located in each of the working leads 6 6' of the work-circuit, as indicated.

Each of the electrochemical rectifying devices above referred to may consist of an electrolytic cell or of a series of electrolytic cells oftsuch nature as to oppose passage ot' current of one direction, butto permit passage of current of lopposite direction, each of such cells comprising an aluminium electrode or its equivalent that has the property of allowing a current to pass only when the aluminium electrode acts as a cathode with such current. Thus in the drawings the aluminium and ycarbon electrodes (marked, respectively, A and C) are so arranged that in branch circuit 3 the connection from the dynamo is to analuminium electrode. The direction of the current which will then be permitted to pass in each branch circuit 3 or 3 is indicated by the arrows, and these currents are directed oppositely as regards the dynamo. Thus the alternating opposite impulses-fromrthe dynamo are directed, respectively, intothe two branch circuits 3 3 and pass to the respective sides of the working circuit. Thev storage batteries 7 7' receive IOC these impulses/as unidirectional currents, and the working circuit 6 6' receives from the branch currents 3'3' and from the said batteries a comparatively steady unidirectional 5 current, the storagel batteries furnishing the energy during the` intervals when th correv spending branch circuits are inactive. The choke coils 14 14' further conduce to ,the

steadincss of the current in the working cirv 1c cuit, and a similar result is'eiected by the choke-coil12 in the return connection 11 .It

will be noted that'this return connection carries impulses in both directions, and the adjustablechoke-coil 12 therein serves also to 'x 5 regulate the eilective electromotive force dclivered to the storage batteries.

While the electrochemical rectifier-s are in parallel relation wi h reference to'their inclusion in the divi ed circuit leading fromy zo the dynamo to the working circuit, 'the said.

rectifersfare in series with one ,ano'ther in a circuit traced across from side to side of the working current, with a connection to the dynamo from a point intermediate between the fz 5 rectiilers.

In practice it will be necessary to` provide the field-magnet of the alternator with unidirectional excitingcurrent. Such current may be derivedfroin the storage batteries 7 3e 7' or from an auxiliary rectifying-circuit ar-v ranged in-duplicate, like the main circuit above described. Such an arrangement. is

Vfrom the work-circuit, and the storage bat- .45 teries 7 7 leading back to the other'side 2' of the alternator. The lamps 9 9 areshown as connected on the three-wire system between the wires 6 6', the intermediate wire 10 leading back to the return-wire 11'; ybut instead 5e of such an arrangement lamps of high volt.-

. age may be connected directly across between the leads 6 6', as indicated at 9. l The chokecoils 12 14 are arranged in .thelconnections 1166', and the operation, as far. as concerns v 55 the working and battery circuits, is the saine as in Fig. 1. ."lhe polarity of the electro- `chemical rectifying-cells is indicated by the letters A C, placed. thereon, the arrowsindi'- eating the permissive directionvof'current inl 6e the respective cells. To'excite the field-ma vnet 18ct the'alternator 1,-an auxiliary circuit'y is provided,consisting of branchwires 19 19', leading from one side of the alternator and including, respectively, the oppositely-placed 65 electrochemical rectifying devices 2O 20', to the two halves 2-1 2l' of the field-magnetl f winding, the junction-point of these two halfevents .namo are alternately diverted through one ing, the electrochemical `cells 20 20' being so frived from the storagev batteries or from the current 19--19' leads to the field-winding 21 Atrolled by a governor 27, connected by me- 16 of the alternator, so as-tobe responsive to 'division of the alternating impulses is made two storage batteries 7 7', the return-wire 11' vtromagnetic.conditions in the'coils, so'as tol four electrochemical rectiiiers 4 4" 4 4l may y be employed, arranged like the resistances in-- windings being connected back by'wire 22 to' theother side 2' of the alternator or source of alternating current. This return connection includes an adjustable choke-coil 23vto enable regulation of the eld current. and steady the same. By the described arrange ment the alternating impulses from the dyor the other ofthe halves of the field-windplacedthat current can only ilow therein in the direction of the arrows.v The result is that all the impulses pass through the fieldwindlngs in the same circumferential direc-A tion, so that a continuous magnetizing effeet is produced. The field magnetization may be produced, as stated, bycuret derecti'cd portion otthe mainci'rcuit o! rthe generator. [Thus in Fig. 3the field-exciting from the wires 5 5', between the `electrochemical rectiiiers 4 4' and the storage batteries 7 7,'. Y A circ'uit-breaker 2G'is shown as included in this exciting-circuit ,v and is conchani'cal connections 28'to the shaft or axle.

the speed of the alternator t6 cnt off the exciting connection when the alternator isat rest or is below vnormal speed.` n y In Fig. 4 a system is shown wherein the between the eld-magnet circuit on the-one hand and the working circuiti' with the storage battery on theother hand. The work` ing circuit' 6', with the translating devices 9 and the storage battery 7, connected acrossA it, is connectedin parallelrelationwith the field-magnet circuit 19 19', the `said two circuits including the respectivev regulating choking-coils-14 23 and the respective electrochemical rectiiers 4 4'. 1

' Fig. 5 shows` the yapplication of a transformer introduced between the alternator and the rectifying-circuits, such transformer being vhere shown `as of the constant-.current type, comprising'relatively-movable coils 30 f 31, whose position is dependent on they eleeproduce comparative constancy'in the curv rentin the secondary coil'independently of thel'ead. This arrangement has certain advan-` tages, particularly in preventing excessive currents under abnormal conditions.' The alternator 1' is here shown' as'of the inductor type, haviugjstationary armature coils, so that in this case there are no moving contacts. Such an alternator can 'of course :be used in connection with any of the a'rrangements above described. Regulatable choke- 'coils14 12 are included in the working circuit 6 6' and in the supply connection 1Ior r 11' on either side, as above described.A

As a further mod-ication (shown in Fig. 6)

emite cells" are arran ,gedl to `present opposing iniiuences oneach' side,ofthe'b'ridge, andthe directive influence ot each lcelllis opposite to that of the correspondingcell on the other eine of um bridge.

.As arresultjimpulsescan only pass through' the storage battery and work-circuit in a given direction-saythat indicated by the arrow-,v-.L-the, arrows on the electrochemical devices then indicatingV the direction of permitted impulses in each cell.

f 1..'Ihe combinationiwithian"alternatingcurrent generator, of ajconsumption-circuit -having its respectivesides connected to one side of the alternating source, oppositelyfdirected electrochemical'rectifying devices includedeinthe connections tothe respective 'sidesof the consumptionfcircuit,a connection kincluding translating'devices, from'the other side of the 'alternating source to one side of the consumption-circuit, and an exciting-coil for the alternating-current generator 'connected with the alternating generator' through the electrochemical rectifying device on one ical-rectifying devices,

vside of the circuit.

2. VThe combination with a source of alternatin g current, of a workcircuit,connections, including oppositely directed electrochemfrom one side of the alternating source to opposite sidesot the work-circuit, connections including storage batteries from the respective sides of the 'work-,circuit'to the other side of the alternat ing source, and translating devices connected between the two sides of the work-circuit.

nating B. The combination with asource of' alter- 'nating current; of a three-wire circuit, connections, including oppositely-directed electrochemical rectifyin g devices, from one lside of thev alternating` source lto the respective outer sides of the three-wire circuit,'a connection from they other side ofy the alternating sourceto the 'intermediate wire of the threewire circuit, yand translating devices in the three-wire circuit. e Y

4. The kcombination with a source of altercurreiit, of a` three-wire circuit, connections, including'.oppositely-directed electrochemical rectifying devices, from one side of the alternating source to the respective outer sides of the three-wire circuit, a connection from the other side of the alternating source to the intermediate wire of the threewire circuit, storage batteries connected in the three-wire circuit between the outer sides and the intermediate Wire.

5. The combination with an alternatingcurrent generator, of a divided circuit, connections, including oppositely-directedelectrochemical rectifying devices, from one side side of the alternating source,

otthe alternating generator to the opposite sides of the divided circuit, exciting-coils for the alternating generator vconnected to-said opposite sides of thedivided circuit, and a return connection from such divided circuit to the other sidegof the alternating source.

6. The combination with va source of alternating current, of a consumption-circuit having its respective sidesconnectcd to one sido of the alternating source,,oppositely-directed electrochemical rectifying devices included in the connections to the respective sides of the consumption-circuit, and a connection',

including translating devices, from the other to each side of the consumption-circuit, a regulating chokecoil being included in one of the connections, to the alternatingsource. 7. The combination with a source of alternating current, of a consumption-circuit including choke-coils, and having its respective sides connected to one side of the alter` nating source, oppositely-directed electrochemical rectifying devices included in the connections to the respective sides of the consumption-circuit, and a connection including translating devices from the other side of the alternating sourceto the respective sides of the consumption-circuit.

8. rlhe combination of an alternate-current dynamo, a storage battery, atwo-'wire working circuit connected to battery,v a connection from one pole of the dynamo to a point between the two batteries, electrochemical rectifyingcells connected in series, the terminals of the series connected to the outer terminals of the storage battery so'as to oppose any flow of current from said battery through the rectifying-cells',and a connection from la point between the terminals. 'of the series ofv rectifying-cells to the other pole of the dynamo. f

9. The combination of a'car-axle, an alternate-current dynamo driven thereby, a storage battery, a working circuit and an electrochemicalA rectifier in circuit between the dynamo and storage battery.

l0. The combination of an alternate-cnrrent dynamo,

chemical rectifierand a choke-coilin circuit between the dynamo and storage battery.

1l. The combination ot an yalternate-current dynamo, a storagey battery in circuit therewith, a working circuit, an electrochem icalrectifer -and a choke-coil in circuit between the dynamo and storage battery, and means for regulating said chokecoil.

12. The 'combination of. analternate-current dynamo, a. storage battery in circuit the terminals of said a storage` battery in circuit therewith,` a workingcircuit, and an electro` IIO therewith, vaworking circuit, an electrochemical rectiierand a choke-coil in circuit .be-

tween the dynamo and storage battery and a.

choke-coil in the working circuit. y

13. The combination of an alternate-current dynamo, a storage battery in circuit therewith, a working circuit, an electrochemical reetiller and a chokc-coil'incircuit bc-v twecn the dynamo and storage battery and means for regulating said ehehe-coil, and a choke-coil in the working-circuit.r

' therewith,

14. The combination ofvan alternate-current dynamo, a storage battery in circuit therewith, a working circuit, an electrochemical rectilier and a choke-coil inA circuit between the dynamoand storage battery, means i' or regulating said choke-coil, a choke-coil in4 the working circuit and means for regulatingv said choke-coil.

15. The combination of an. alternate-current dynamo, a' storage battery in circuit choking-coil in said working circuit, a con nection from one point between the electrochemical rectifying-cells connected in series, the terminals of the series connected to the outer terminalsfof the storage battery so as to 'oppose any flow of current from said.

battery through the rcctiiyingcells,and a con'- of the series a point between the terminals of rectifying-cells to'the other pole of the dynamo.

nection' from .16. The combination of an alternate-current dynamo, a storage battery in circuit therewith, a two-wire working circuit connected to the terminals of said battcry,;a

' choke-coil in' said working circuit, a connection from one pole of the dynamo to. a point between the two battery-terminals,clectrochem ical rectifying-cells connected in series, the terminals o the series connected to the outer terminals of the 'storage battery so as-to' oppose any llow of current from said rbattery vthrough the rectifyingcells, a connection from a point between the terminals'o! the series of rectifying-cells to the other `pole of.' choke-coil between dythe dynamo and-a name and storage battery. f l

17. The combination ofv anX alternate-current dynamo, a storage batteryinv circuit therewith, a two-wire workingicireuit' connected to the terminals` of said/battery, a

choke-'coil in the working circuit, means for regulating said choke-coil, a connection from one pole ofthe dynamoto a 'point between the two batteryterminals, lelectrochemical t rectifying-cells, connected-iu series, the ter-A minalso'f the series connected to the outer terminals of the storage battery-so as to op- 'poseany ilow of current from saidfbattery'- 'through the rectifyingcells, a 'connection vfrom a point between theterminals of se a two-wire working'v circuit con-v nected to -tlie terminals of said battery, a.v

pole of the dynamo to a two battery.- terminals, f

minals of 'emite ries of rectifying-cells to the otherp'ole'of tli'e 'f'.-

dynamo, a choke-coilv between the Adynamo and storage battery and means for regulating said choke-coil. l Y

18. The combination of an alternate-cub" reutdynamo, a storage battery in circuit therewith, a three-wire working circuit connected to said battery, a connection from one-v pole ofthe dynamo to the center ot-the stor- -age battery,electrochemical rectifyingcells connected inseries, the terminals ofthe s'eries connected .to the-outer terminals ot the storage battery so as td'oppcse any'ow of current fromsaid battery through the rectifying-cells, anda connectionfrom a point becell's tothe other pole of the dynamo.

V19. The c'ombinatio'n of an alternate-current dynamo, a storage battery in circuit v thci'ew-ith, a three-wire working circuit connected to Ysaid battery,chokecoils l.in the outer wires of the working circu a connection from onepole of the; dyna oto thecenter connection of the storage battery, electro- Vtween the terminals of the series of rectifyingchemical rectifying-cells connected in series, the terminals ot the series connected to the outer terminals 'of the storage battery so as to oppose any flowof current. from s'aidbattery through the rectifying cells, a connection from a point between the terminalsof the s e-j ries of rectifying-cells tothe other pole ofthe dynamo, and afchoke-'coil ybetween theffdy-I 1 u name and storage battery.

.- 20. The combination of an,alternate-cur- Y .rent dynamo, a storage .battery in circuit therewith, a three-wire workiugcircuit eennected to said battery, choke-coilsA in the .95' regulating said chokecoils,a connection from one pole ot' the dynamo to-th'ecenter connecrouter wires of the workingcircit, means-for tion of vthe storage battery, electrochemical rectifying-cells connected in series,the.ter-

the series connectedl tothe Vcuter .IDO

terminals of the storage batteryso as to opy pose any flow of current from said Abattery through the ,reetfyingcells, `a, connection the terminals ofthe sev from a point between ries of rectifying-cells to the other pole of the dynamo, a choke-coil between dynamo and batltery, and means .for regulating said choke- ALBERT S; IIUBBARD. Witnesses: v v

" J. GREEN, y

A. P. KNIGHT. 

